diff --git a/src/decode.rs b/src/decode.rs
index 33658d0..4f3cdee 100644
--- a/src/decode.rs
+++ b/src/decode.rs
@@ -7,11 +7,16 @@ pub struct Decoder<R: Read, W: Write> {
     reader: R,
     writer: W,
     alphabet: B32Alphabet,
-    ignore_whitespace: bool
+    ignore_whitespace: bool,
 }
 
 impl<R: Read, W: Write> Decoder<R, W> {
-    pub fn new(reader: R, writer: W, alphabet: Option<B32Alphabet>, ignore_whitespace: bool) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(
+        reader: R,
+        writer: W,
+        alphabet: Option<B32Alphabet>,
+        ignore_whitespace: bool,
+    ) -> Self {
         Self {
             reader,
             writer,
@@ -20,7 +25,6 @@ impl<R: Read, W: Write> Decoder<R, W> {
         }
     }
 
-
     /// Decodes the bytes provided by `self.reader` and writes the resulting
     /// bytes into `self.writer`.
     /// # Important
@@ -63,7 +67,10 @@ impl<R: Read, W: Write> Decoder<R, W> {
             for c in &in_buf {
                 num <<= 5;
                 if !matches!(self.alphabet.pad(), Some(ch) if ch == *c) {
-                    let idx = self.alphabet.idx(*c).ok_or(Error::IllegalChar((*c).into()))?;
+                    let idx = self
+                        .alphabet
+                        .idx(*c)
+                        .ok_or(Error::IllegalChar((*c).into()))?;
                     num |= idx as u64;
                 }
             }
diff --git a/src/encode.rs b/src/encode.rs
index 5afcdcb..8a3053f 100644
--- a/src/encode.rs
+++ b/src/encode.rs
@@ -1,29 +1,8 @@
 use {
-    super::*,
-    std::{
-        fmt::{self, Write},
-        io::{self, Read},
-    },
+    crate::{error::Error, B32Alphabet},
+    std::io::{self, ErrorKind, Read, Write},
 };
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub enum EncoderError {
-    IO(io::Error),
-    FMT(fmt::Error),
-}
-
-impl From<io::Error> for EncoderError {
-    fn from(value: io::Error) -> Self {
-        Self::IO(value)
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<fmt::Error> for EncoderError {
-    fn from(value: fmt::Error) -> Self {
-        Self::FMT(value)
-    }
-}
-
 pub struct Encoder<R: Read, W: Write> {
     reader: R,
     writer: W,
@@ -41,7 +20,7 @@ impl<R: Read, W: Write> Encoder<R, W> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn encode(&mut self) -> Result<(), EncoderError> {
+    pub fn encode(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
         let mut total: usize = 0;
         loop {
             let mut buf = [0; 5];
@@ -50,7 +29,7 @@ impl<R: Read, W: Write> Encoder<R, W> {
             loop {
                 n_bytes = match self.reader.read(&mut buf) {
                     Ok(n) => n,
-                    Err(e) if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::Interrupted => continue,
+                    Err(e) if e.kind() == ErrorKind::Interrupted => continue,
                     Err(e) => return Err(e.into()),
                 };
                 break;
@@ -64,10 +43,10 @@ impl<R: Read, W: Write> Encoder<R, W> {
                     num |= *c as u64;
                 }
             }
-            let mut buf = ['\0'; 8];
+            let mut buf = [b'\0'; 8];
             for i in (0..8).rev() {
                 let b = (num & 0x1f) as u8;
-                buf[i] = char::try_from(self.alphabet.items[b as usize]).unwrap();
+                buf[i] = self.alphabet.items[b as usize];
                 num >>= 5;
             }
             let mut outlen = n_bytes * 8 / 5;
@@ -76,19 +55,19 @@ impl<R: Read, W: Write> Encoder<R, W> {
                 outlen += 1;
             }
             buf[0..outlen].iter().try_for_each(|c| {
-                self.writer.write_char(*c)?;
+                self.writer.write_all(&[*c])?;
                 total += 1;
                 if let Some(wrap) = self.wrap {
                     if total % wrap == 0 {
-                        self.writer.write_char('\n')?;
+                        writeln!(self.writer)?;
                     }
                 }
-                Ok::<(), fmt::Error>(())
+                Ok::<(), io::Error>(())
             })?;
             if let Some(pad) = self.alphabet.pad {
                 if rem != 0 {
                     for _c in 0..8 - outlen {
-                        self.writer.write_char(char::try_from(pad).unwrap())?;
+                        self.writer.write_all(&[pad])?;
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -100,12 +79,6 @@ impl<R: Read, W: Write> Encoder<R, W> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<R: Read> Encoder<R, String> {
-    pub fn output(self) -> String {
-        self.writer
-    }
-}
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
     use {
@@ -119,16 +92,15 @@ mod test {
     #[test]
     fn hello() {
         let reader = "Hello, World".as_bytes();
-        let writer = String::new();
-        let mut encoder = Encoder::new(reader, writer, None, None);
+        let mut encoder = Encoder::new(reader, vec![], None, None);
         encoder.encode().unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(encoder.output(), "JBSWY3DPFQQFO33SNRSA====");
-        encoder = Encoder::new("Hello, World!".as_bytes(), String::new(), None, None);
+        assert_eq!(encoder.writer, b"JBSWY3DPFQQFO33SNRSA====");
+        encoder = Encoder::new("Hello, World!".as_bytes(), vec![], None, None);
         encoder.encode().unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(encoder.output(), "JBSWY3DPFQQFO33SNRSCC===");
-        encoder = Encoder::new("Hello, World!\n".as_bytes(), String::new(), None, None);
+        assert_eq!(encoder.writer, b"JBSWY3DPFQQFO33SNRSCC===");
+        encoder = Encoder::new("Hello, World!\n".as_bytes(), vec![], None, None);
         encoder.encode().unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(encoder.output(), "JBSWY3DPFQQFO33SNRSCCCQ=");
+        assert_eq!(encoder.writer, b"JBSWY3DPFQQFO33SNRSCCCQ=");
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -136,8 +108,8 @@ mod test {
         let infile = File::open("src/testdata/lorem.txt").unwrap();
         let reader = BufReader::new(infile);
         let outfile = fs::read_to_string("src/testdata/lorem_b32.txt").unwrap();
-        let mut encoder = Encoder::new(reader, String::new(), None, Some(76));
+        let mut encoder = Encoder::new(reader, vec![], None, Some(76));
         encoder.encode().unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(encoder.output(), outfile);
+        assert_eq!(encoder.writer, outfile.as_bytes());
     }
 }